Spray nozzle with contoured orifice and method of contouring the orifice



Feb. 14, 1961 w, w 2,971,250

SPRAY NOZZLE WITH CONTOUR ORIFICE AND METHOD OF CONTOURING ORIFICE FiledDec. 19, 1952 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTO Jim 7 7am m Feb. 14, 1961 F. w.WAHLIN 2,971,250

SPRAY NOZZLE WITH CONTOURED ORIFICE AND METHOD OF CONTOURING THE ORIFICE2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 19, 1952 IN VEN TOR. fl/0i [Z22 UnitedStates, Patent SPRAY NOZZLE WITH CONTOURED ORIFICE AND METHOD OFCONTOURING THE ORIFICE Fred W. Wahlin, Kane County, 111., assignor toSpraying Systems Co., Bellwood, 111., a corporation of Illinois FiledDec. 19, 1952, Ser. No. 326,866

Claims. (Cl. 29-157) This invention relates to spray nozzles which havean orifice of elongated relatively narrow shape for producing a fanshaped spray, and has reference more particularly to a nozzle whereinthe width of the orifice is varied throughout the orifice lengthaccording to the volume of discharge required for uniformity of spraydeposit. The invention also relates to the method of shaping orcontouring the orifice according to such differential volumerequirement. 7

In many spraying operations it is customary to employ a nozzle having anorifice which is of a narrow elongated shape or contour and produces athin fan shaped spray of wide fanwise expanse so as to deposit the sprayin a long narrow pattern and apply or deposit the'spray across a wideexpanse in the spraying operation.

Generally, in such spraying operations it is desirable that the spray bedistributed uniformly throughout the wide expanse of spray deposit andit is accordingly important that the volume of spray dischargethroughout the length of the orifice be properly proportioned to insuresuch uniform distribution.

Such nozzles are commonly used, for example, in field spraying, or inspraying along the sides of a roadway, railway or stream, or for similarspraying purposes, wherein the spraying equipment is carried by aconveyance which travels across the field or along the roadway, railwayor stream and projects the spray across a wide expanse crosswise of'thedirection of travel of the conveyance as it moves across the field oralong the roadway, railway or stream.

In such spraying operations, the nozzle is generally tilted sidewise inthe plane of the orifice length and in the direction of desired wideexpanse so that the discharge from one end of the elongated orifice,hereinafter referred to as the inner end, is directed substantiallydownwardly from the nozzle and the discharge from the other end of theelongated orifice, hereinafter referred to as the outer end, is directedsidewise to a far flung distance from the nozzle. Such nozzles may beadvantageously mounted in pairs and oppositely inclined, for fieldspraying, so that the downwardly discharging inner edge of the fanshaped spray from each nozzle meets or slightly overlaps the downwardlydischarging inner edge of the fan shaped spray from the other nozzle,and the sidewise discharge from each nozzle is in the opposite directionto the sidewise discharge from the other nozzle, so that the two nozzlesconjointly cover a continuous expanse of double the range of a singlenozzle.

In roadside spraying or in spraying along a railroad or along the sideof a stream, however, a single nozzle may be employed for each side ofthe roadway, railway or stream, and tilted sidewise to throw the sprayover a wide expanse along the side of the roadway, railway or streamalong which the conveyance moves which carries the spraying equipment.

With the nozzles thus inclined, the discharge from the inner end portionof the elongated orifice, which is directed substantially downwardlyfrom the nozzle, is distributed over a much shorter length of the sprayrange than the far flung discharge from the outer end portion of theelongated orifice, and as the discharge from each succeeding portion ofthe orifice, from the inner end to the outer end thereof, is distributedover an increasingly greater length of the spray range, it is essentialfor uniform, spray coverage that the volume of spray discharge from theinner end portion of the orifice be relatively small and that the volumedischarge from the outer end portion be relatively large and that thevolume increase progressively from the inner end of the.orifice to theouter end thereof in accordance with the increasingly greater length ofspray range accommodated there by, and that the width of the orifice bevaried accordingly from end to end thereof to provide the appropriatevolume of spray for uniform spray coverage throughout the spray range.

Also, in some spraying operations, it is desirable that the nozzle belocated midway, or at some other place between the extremities of thefanwise expanse of spray deposit, in which event it is essential foruniform spray distribution that the least amount of spray discharge fromthe orifice be at the place between the orifice ends where the dischargeis directly toward the surface upon which the spray is deposited, andthat the volume of discharge increase from that place to each end of theorifice where the spray therefrom is outflung to the extremities of thefanwise expanse of spray deposit.

For such spraying operations it is necessary, for uniform spraydistribution, that the elongated orifice be shaped or contoured so thatit is of the least width at the place where the discharge therefrom isdirectly toward the surface on which the spray is deposited and that thewidth thereof be progressively increased from this place of least widthto each opposite end ofthe orifice according to the distance that thespray is far flung fanwise at each side of the place of dischargedirectly toward the surface.

Heretofore sidewise discharge fan shaped spray nozzles for field androadside spraying and the like, have been made with one end of theelongated orifice enlarged and of rounded end contour and with the otherorifice end,

tapered to a V-shape, as shown in my copending application Serial No.104,672 which was filed on July 14, 1949, now Patent 2,683,626, byforming one end portion of the orifice with a rotary cutter having arounded peripheral cutting edge and by forming the other end portion ofthe orifice with a similar rotary cutter but having a V-shapedperipheral cutting edge, and continuing the rounded edge and V-shapedcuts toward one another so that they meet between the ends of and form acontinuous orifice opening, and fan shaped spray nozzles have also beenmade, as shown in my copending application Serial No. 292,798 which wasfiled on June 11, 1952, now Patent 2,774,631, by opposed cuts, with aV-edged rotary cutter, which are arranged to produce not conformsufficiently to the necessary shape to insure complete uniformity ofspray distribution throughout the fanwise expanse of spray deposit.

The principal objects of my invention are to provide a spray nozzle withan elongated fan shaped spray producing orifice which is contouredthroughout its length so as to provide appropriate variations in orificewidth for uniform spray distribution throughout the expanse of spraydeposit;. to permit such nozzles to be made i readily with the place ofleast width at one end of the orifice end or midway between the ends orat any selected place between the ends; and to provide a simple andconvenient. method of contouring elongated orifices of spray nozzles; toprovide desired variations of width thereof, these and other objectsbeing accomplished as pointed out more particularly hereinafter and asshown in theaccompanying drawing, in which:

Fig. l is a sideview. of a spray nozzle constructed in accordance withthe present invention;

Fig, 2 is an. enlarged view of the outer end of the nozzle tip of. thespray nozzle of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a' sectional view of the nozzle tip of Fig. 2 taken on theline 3-3 of Fig. 2, and showing the method of making the orificethereof;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a fragmentary portion of the nozzle tiplooking at the large open end of. the groove which extends: across theend of the nozzle tip;-

Fig. 5 is a developed or planar view of the orifice of the nozzle;

Fig. 6 is a side view of a twin nozzle assembly comprising two nozzlesmade in accordance with the present invention and showing thespray'streams produced therey;

Fig. 7 is a top view of'the nozzle assembly and spray streams of Fig. 6,part of one of the-spray streams being broken away;

Fig.8 is an endview of. a nozzle tip showing another form of orificemade in accordance with the present invention;

Fig; 9 isasectional 'view of the nozzle tip of Fig. 8', taken on the.line 9-9 thereof and showing the method of. making. the. orifice.thereof;

Fig:.10 is adeveloped or planar view of the orifice of the nozzle. tip'of: Figs; 8 and 9;

Fig. 11 is a sideview'of a nozzleh'aving'a spray orifice like that ofFigs. 8, 9 and 10 and showing the spray stream produced thereby;

Fig. 12 is a top view of the nozzle of-Fig; 11;-

- Fig. 13 is an end view of a nozzle tip showing a modified form ofnozzle tip end;

. Fig. 14.is a sectional view taken on the line 1-4 14 of Fig. 13;

Fig. 1.5 is a side view of the nozzle-tip end of Fig. 14 looking at theend of the cross groove thereof;

Fig. 16 is a view similar to Fig. 15 but showing the oridfice at anintermediate stage of the making thereof; an i Fig. 17 is. an enlargedfragmentary end view of the nozzle tip at the intermediate stage oforifice making shown in Fig. 16.

The nozzle illustrated in Fig. l is of a conventional form, except forthe nozzle tip and orifice construction, andcomprises a hollow body 21-with externally threaded outer end 22 engaged by an internally threadedclamping ring 23 by which a nozzle tip 24 is secured to the outer end ofthe nozzle body.

This nozzle body 21 has an opening 25 therethrough which leads to thenozzle tip end thereof and at its other end, the body 21 is providedwith appropriate facilities for securing the nozzle to a pipe or fittingthrough which liquid is supplied to the nozzle.

As representative of such facilities, the nozzle body-21 is shown inFig. 1 with external threading 26 at the-inner end thereof remote fromthe nozzle tip 24, although it is to be understood that other facilitiesmay be employed instead, such, for. example'as those indicated in Figs.6 and 7, which, as hereinafter explained, show a twin nozzle assemblylike that described in detail in my copending application Serial No.104,672 which was filed on 1uly1'4, 1949, now Patent 2,683,626.

The nozzle tip 24, asillustrated herein, has a portion 27 which projectsinto the outer end of the nozzle body.

and spray stream opening 25, and said tip is provided with an annularflange 28 which is clamped in leak proof manner against the outer end ofthe nozzle body 21 by the clamping ring 23 which has an inturned flange29 at the outer end to engage against the flange 28 for that purpose.

This nozzle tip 24 has a bored out central passage 30' leading outwardlytherein from the nozzle body opening 25 and terminating in a rounded ordome shaped outer end 31, and the inner end of this passage 30 ispreferably flared as indicated at 32 to provide a somewhat funnel shapedentrance. from the nozzle. body opening 25. tov the passage. 30..

The dome shaped end 31 of the passage 30 is concentric with the passage30' and preferably hemispherical or approximately hemispherical, that ofthe illustrated nozzle being of a slightly pointed arch form with theopposite sides of the arch having a radius of curvature which is twothirds the diameter of the passage 30. The diameter of the passage 30depends upon the purpose for which the nozzle is employed and thematerial that is tobe sprayed, but I have found that a diameter ofapproximately one sixth of an inch is satisfactory for many fieldandroadside spraying operations.

At the outer end of the passage 30 a spray orifice 33 leads outwardlytherefrom at the bottom of a narrow V-shaped groove 34 which extendscentrally across the end of the nozzle tip 24 at an inclination to theaxis of the passage 30 from the point 34a. at the end of the nozzle tipto the point 341; of considerable depth downi one side of the nozzletip, as indicated particularly in Fig; 3, and this orifice 33, which iscentral of thewi'dth' of the groove 34, is elongated in the direction ofthe length of'the groove 34 and in the direction of its length:'

is oil center with respect to the axis of the passage 30 so that theorifice end 3311;. which is nearest the end 34a of the groove 34, isatone side of and near the apexor summit of thedome shaped end 31 of'thepassage 30 and the other orifice end 3311', which is nearest the deep;end 345 of'the groove 34, isquite remote from the apex" or summit of thedome shaped end 31, so that the orifice 33 extends a considerabledistance down the side of the dome shaped end 31 at one side of thesummit thereof and at the opposite side of the summit extends only ashort distance down the side of the dome shaped end.

The end' 33a of the orifice 33 is of a narrow angled V-shapecorresponding substantially to the narrow V-' shape of' the groove 34,whereas the opposite orifice end 33b is rounded and of considerablewidth and the orifice is of progressively increasing width from theV-shaped' end 33a thereof to the rounded end 33]) thereof, as indicated"in Fig. 5, so that the volume of spray dischargefrom the orifice 33 isrelatively small at the V-shaped end 33a thereof and progressivelyincreases from that end 33:: to the rounded end 3312 where the spraydis= charge is relatively large and of maximum volume.

In the particular manner of contouring the nozzleorifice 33, ashereinafter explained, with the progressively' increasing width from theend 33a to the end 33b thereof, the V-shaped groove 34 is increased inwidthbetween the orifice 33 and the deep end 34a of the groove 34 asindicated at 34c, and this widening corresponds substantially to theincreased thickness of the spray stream projected outwardly from theorifice through thegroove34 at'that place.

The outer end portion. of the nozzle tip is preferably provided with twoopposed fiat sides 35, as indicated in Figs. 1 and 2" which not only areconvenient for wrench engagement but are also convenient for indexingthe nozzle" tip in" ahold'er or jig for machining operations-on the tip,and the groove 34 andorifice 33 are arranged centrally, between andparallelwith these flat sides.

For makingthe above described nozzle with the orifice 33 located andcontoured as above described, the narrow V-shaped groove 34 is first, cutacross. the end of the nozzle tip, as. indicated in Fig. 3, so as to cutthrough.

a p ne-ass This may be accomplished by employing a rotary milling cutter36 of conventional type which rotates about the axis 36a and has aperipheral series of V-shaped cutters or cutter formation of sufficientdepth of cut,

such as indicated' at 36b, to provide a groove 34 of the required depthand V-shape, and moving the rotating cutter along the line 37 across theend of the nozzle tip 24.- i it a The groove 34 is of 30 angle V-shapeand'the cutters or cutter formations of the cutter 36 are accordingly ofcorresponding 30 angle V-shape and the cutter 36 is moved in astraightline, as indicated at 37, across the end of .the nozzle tip 24and at an angle of 20", as indicated in Fig. 3 of the drawing, to theouter endface 38. of the nozzle tip, which said face is perpendicular tothe longitudinal axis .39of the passage 30, and in this operation anarrow elongated off center initial orifice is formed which is composedof corresponding or sub stantially similar end halves 33x and 33y, asindicated in'Fig. 5, and is of similar V-shape at each end, and one endof which constitutes the V-shaped end 33a of the eventual orifice 33. i

r iAfter this initial'orifice is formed, with the similar V-shaped ends,another rotary cutter 40 of end mill type having an acute angled conicalcutting end and rotating about a longitudinal axis 40a which coincideswith the axisof the cone shaped cutting end thereof, is moved in'a-direction toward the nozzle tip end along a line 41, as indicated .inFig. 3, so that the point of the rotating conical milling cutter 40enters the already formed initial orifice 33x, 33y, near to that endthereof which constitutes'the eventual orifice end 33a, and the movementof the conical milling cutter 40 is continued to a position,- such asindicated in Fig. 3, which is at or slightly beyond the other endof theinitial orifice 33x, 33y, after which the cutter 40 is withdrawn fromthe orifice.

- In this above described movement of the conical milling cutter 40, thepointed end thereof is projected to a progressively increasing depthinto the dome shaped (and 31 of the passage 30, but ,does not contactthe nozzle tip stock and begin its cutting operation until it is at orapproximately at the. junction of the two halves 33x and 33y of theinitial orifice opening,vafter which said cutter 40," inthe continuedmovement progressively increases the width of the initial orificeopening fromthe place at which it begins its cutting operation, asaforementioned, to' its eventual or final cutting position in which itis shown at' 40 in Fig. 3, and thus contours the half 33x of the initialorifice 33x, 33y to the eventual widened shape with rounded. end 33b asshown in full lines in Fig; 5.

Preferably the conical end of the end mill cutter 40 is of the same 30V-shaped angle as that of the cutters or cutter formationsof the cutter36 so that the taper thereof corresponds to the taper of the V-groove34, and this cutter 40 is positioned with the axis 40athereof at anangle of 40, as shown in Fig. 3, to the axis 39 of the nozzle tippassage 30 and is moved in a plane coinciding with the longitudinal axisof the initial orifice opening 33x, 33y and of the V-groove 34, so thatthepoint of the conical cutter moves along a line 41 at a 20 angleto thelongitudinal axis 39 of the nozzle passage 39 all. as indicated in Fig.3. p Thus the advancing front of the concical cutting end 'of the endmill cutter 40 is arranged at an included angle of 75 to the line ofmovement 41 and has sufficiout pitch to compensate for the liftingtendency of the cohical cutter as it advances into the nozzle tip stock.Obviously the extent of progressive increase in the width of the .finalorifice 33 and the width attained at he founded end thereof depends uponthe taper of the milling cutter and the particularline along which thecutter is moved and the rate at which it is moved and the rate at whichit is progressively projected to an increasingly greater depth into thedome shaped end 31 of the nozzle tip passage 30.

Also the shape or contour of the orifice 33, and especially the portionthereof which is produced by the cutter 36, depends upon the particularV-shape or angularity of the cutter 36, and moreover the shape of theorifice 33 depends upon the particular place where the conical end ofthe end mill cutter 40 begins its cutting operation in the initialorifice opening 33x, 33y, and it is to be understood that while I have,for purposes of illustration, shown and described the above nozzle asmade in a particular mannenthe shape or contour of the eventual orifice33 may be varied to provide uniformspray distribution-for theparticularpurpose for or manner in which the nozzleisto be used, byvarying any of the above mentioned factors on which the shape of theorifice de pends. a

In using the above described nozzle for field and roadside spraying andthe like, it is generally tilted at an angle, substantially as shown inFig. l, with the elongated orifice 33 thereof lying in a vertical planetransverse to the direction of movement of the conveyance'on which thespraying equipment is mounted, and with the narrow V- shaped end 33a ofthe orifice directed substantially direct- Iy downward and the widerounded end 33b directed substantially horizontally outward from thenozzle end. ".Thus a fan shaped spray is produced, substantially asindicated fragmentarily at 42 in Fig; 1, one edge 43 of which is quitethinand directed downwardly and the opposite edge 44 of which is quitethick and. directed outwardly to afar flung distance and with thethickness and volumeof the spray progressively increasing from the thinedge 43 to the thick edge 44, so that thespray deposit is uniformthroughout the spray range.

For field spraying, the nozzles are usually mounted in pairs and tiltedin opposite directions as indicated at 45 and 46 in Figs. 6 and 7 and asexplained in detail in my above mentioned copending application SerialNo. 292,798 so the thin edge portions 43 of the fan shaped spraystherefrom meet orslightly overlap directly below the nozzles 45 and 46and the thick edge portions 44 are discharged in, opposite directions toa far flung distance as shown in Figs. 6 and 7.

For spraying along roadways, railways, streams and the like a singlenozzle is generally employed at the side of the conveyance on which thespraying equipment is mounted and tilted outwardly therefrom so as todischarge downwardly and to a far flung distance sidewise from theconveyance.

A modified form of the invention is shown in Figs. 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12wherein the nozzle 48 thereof is provided with a nozzle tip 49 which hasan elongated orifice 50 centrally located at the outer dome shaped end51 of the passage 52 thereof to produce a fan shaped spray 53 which isspread out equally at opposite sides of the nozzle location, as shownparticularly in Figs. 11 and 12.

In accordance with the present invention this orifice is of least widthmidway between the ends, as indicated at 54 in Fig. 10 and is ofgreatest width at the opposite ends 55, which are rounded, and theorifice is of corresponding progressively increasing width from the narrow midportion' 54 to each end 55 so that the volume of" spraythroughout the length of the orifice is suitably proportioned to insureuniform spray distribution through out the fanwise range of spraydeposit.

To make the orifice 50 of the Figs. 8, 9 and 10 shape a narrow V-shapedgroove 56 of uniform depth is first cut straight across the end of thenozzle tip 49 with a rotary cutter, like the cutter 36 of Fig. 3, havinga V- shaped peripheral or cutting edgehand this groove 56 is cut to adepth to 'cut through the summit of the dome 7 shapedend -1 of thepassage 52'only sufiiciently to'for-m an elongated V-ended initialorifice opening, such as indicated by dotted lines at 50a in Fig. 10,and which, mid! way between the ends thereof, is of the minimum width orapproximately the minimum width 54 desired in the eventual orifice 50.

Then the same operation with the end mill cutter 40 which is shown inand explained above in connection with Fig. 3 is performed toward oneend of the time pro vided initial orifice opening 50a so as to enlargethe opening at that end as shown at 55 in Fig. '10 after which the sameoperation with the end mill cutter is performed toward the other end ofthe initial orifice opening 50:; so as to enlarge the opening 50;: atthat other end as shown at 55 in Fig, 10,-thereby providing an orificeof the shape shown at 50 which is ofminimum width midway between theends as indicated at 54 and of progressively increased width from thatmidway place to each enlarged rounded end 55 thereof.

The end mill cutter 40 may be moved along a curvilinear path, insteadofalong a straight line path such as indicated at 41 in Fig. 3, to formthe orifice 33 of Figs. 1 to 5 or the orifice 50 of Figs. 8, 9 andlO.

For example, as indicated in Fig. 9, the orifice 50 may be formed byswinging the cutter 40 in an arcuate or substantially arcuate path infront of the dome shaped end 51 of the nozzle passage 52, from onesubstantially radial position to another, and at the same time adjustingthe end mill cutter 40 radially so as to project to the required extentinto the dome shaped end 51 of the passage 52 to contour the orifice tothe desired shape.

. For imparting such movement. to the cutter 40 in this orifice formingoperation, a guide 58 may be employed, of approximately arcuate shape,along which the rotatable end mill cutter 40 is movable so as to swingthe conical cutting end thereof in the plane of and from end to end or"the elongated initial orifice opening 50a and in a path whichcorresponds substantially to the curvature of the dome shaped end 51,while at the same time providing such endwise adjustment of the end millcutter 40 as Will increase or decrease the depth of penetration of thepointed end of said cutter into the dome shaped end 51 as will providethe particular contour desired for the orifice 50.

Thus the guide 58 of Fig. 9, while approximately arcuate, has theopposite end portions 58a swung in wardly to a position closer to thedome shaped end v 51 of the passage 52 than the midway portion of theguide 58, so that as the end mill cutter 40 is moved along the guide 58from the midway position to which the reference numeral 40 is applied,to a position 40a at either end 58a of the guide 58, the pointed end ofthe end mill cutter 40 is projected to a progressively greater depthinto the dome shaped end 51 so as to enlarge the opposite end halves ofthe initial orifice opening 50a to the shape thereof of the orifice 50.

Obviously the rate of progressive increase in the width of the orifice50 from the midway point to each end thereof depends upon the taper ofthe conical end of the cutter 40 and the rate of progressively increaseddepth imparted thereto by the guide 58, and by varying the taper of thecutter or the contour of the guide 4% substantially any shape of orificemay be produced.

, Moreover, the orifice 50 may be disposed in an off center position bycutting the groove 56 at an inclination similar to that of the groove 34of Fig. 3 and position. ing the cutter 40 and guide 58 directly in frontof the midpoint in the length of the off center initial orifice opening50a and swinging the cutter from that position to the opposite extremesof movement thereof to form the final orifice shape. I

Moreover, either the central or .ofi center orifice 50 may be made withopposite tapered end portions of unequal length by swinging the cutter40 unequal distances oppositely from the midportion of the initial or?-fice opening 50a and the shapes of the opposite tapered end portions maybe differed'by forming the guide 58 to project the cutter unequally intothe dome shaped end 51 at the respective sides of the midportion of theinitial orifice.

In this operation of forming the orifice 50, the groove 56 is enlargedby the cutter 40 to progressively increased width from the midplace ofthe orifice50 to the op.- posite extremities thereof, as indicated at59. in Fig. 8, and the progressively increased width corresponds to theincrease in the width of the orifice 50- and the correspondinglyincreased volume of discharge occasioned by such increased orificewidth.

While I have indicated in the above description of the making of theorifices 33 and 50.that the. grooves and orifices are produced bymovement of the cutters, it is to be understood that the inventioncontemplates relative movements of the'cutters and nozzle tip which havethe elfect of the explained movements of the cutters and that the nozzletip may be moved, instead of the cutter, in producing the orifices 33and 5.0.

The nozzle tips of the present invention may be advantageously made withan orifice protecting groove, such as disclosed in my copendingapplication Serial No. 81,288, filed March 14, 1949 (Patent No.2,621,078), and also with inclined'g'rooves at opposite ends of theorifice, such as disclosed in my copending application Serial No.306,236, filed August 25,, 1952, now Patent 2,683,627, if desired.

For example, the nozzle. tip 49 of Figs. 8 and '9 may be provided, asshown in Figs. 13, 14, 15, 16 and 12 with a Wide round bottomorificeprotecting groove 60 extending straight across the end of the nozzle tip49 as indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 14, in accordance with myaforesaid application Serial No. 81,288, and the nozzle tip may alsohave, in addition, if desired, inclined round bottom grooves 61 slopingrearwardly at eachend of the orifice 60, in accordance with my aforesaidapplication Serial No. 306,236, the bottom ofthe groove 60 being near tothe outer extremity of the dome shaped end 51 so that there is an abruptincrease in the groove width atthe place where the spray stream issuesfrom the orifice 50 and ample air is supplied to the opposite sides ofthe issuing spray stream, as explained in my application Serial 'No.81,288 to relieve the aspiration effect of the issuing spray stream andavoid any tendency of the stream to hug the groove side Walls and thusimpair the perfection of spray pattern and cause dripping from thenozzle.

The inclined grooves 61 lead forwardly and inwardly close to theopposite extremities of the orifice 50 so as to supply air at the baseof the issuing stream in a direction corresponding quite closely to thedirection of dis charge thereof and which, as explained in my aforesaidapplication Serial No. 306,236 avoids turbulence at the base of thespray stream. and the detrimental efiect of such turbulence on the spraystream.

These grooves 60 and 61 are made, in well known manner, with aconventional rotary cutter having a rounded peripheral cutting edgecorresponding to the rounded shape of the grooves 60 and ,61.

In making nozzles of the present invention with the groove 60 or withthe grooves 60 and 61 beforethe orifice is formed is advantageous, asthe prior provision ofsaid grooves minimizes the amount of stock whichis required to be cut through by the V-shaped cutter which forms theinitial orifice and by the conical milling cutter which contours theinitial orifice to the eventual shape.

Afterthe grooves 60 and 61 have been provided, only a very shallowV-shaped groove 62 is required. to ,be cut in the bottom of the groove60 by a vwedged cutter, like that employed for making the V-shapedgrooves '34 and 56 of the above described nozzle tips and an initial.

( Qrifise Opening 63 s u rfmi n d l e thsinit a ori ice.

opening shown by dotted lines at 50a in Fig. 10, and after this initialorifice opening 63 has been formed, then it is contoured to the desiredshape 50 with a conical milling cutter 40 in the same manner as theorifice 59 of the nozzle tip 49 of Fig. 8 is made.

The nozzle tip 24 of Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 may be made in like manner withorifice protecting groove 60 and inclined grooves 61, by first providingthe nozzle tip with said grooves 60 and 61 and thereafter proceeding inthe same manner as explained in connection with Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 toform the initial orifice opening 33x, 33 2 and the final contouredorifice 33 thereof.

While I have shown and described my invention in a preferred form, I amaware that various changes and modifications may be made therein withoutdeparting from the principles of the invention, the scope of which is tobe determined by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. The method of making a spray nozzle with an elongated fan-shaped,spray-producing orifice opening from the interior to the exteriorthereof, such that the orifice discharges part of its spray in adirection transverse of the length of said nozzle, which said methodcomprises the steps of providing a nozzle body with a passage thereinleading toward and having the outer end thereof located within the outerend of the nozzle body and of forming an external groove in the outerend of the body at a place to intersect the outer end of such passageand mutually therewith form a long orifice having elongated, closelyspaced groove side walls extending outwardly therebeyond, and, aftersaid groove-forming step has been performed, interposing a rotatableorifice-widening tool between the opposite side walls of the groove,with its rotative movement in opposite directions respectively at theopposite sides of the groove and rotating the thus interposed tool atsuch depth in the groove and throughout such length thereof to increasethe width of a selected portion of the length of the orifice.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the external groove is formed withoutwardly diverging side walls and the interposed tool is rotated aboutan axis which is oriented in a position extending outwardly from thegroove approximately in the midwidth plane thereof.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the region of the passage adjacent theouter end thereof decreases in cross section toward said outer end andthe external groove is formed in the outer end of the body to intersectthe passage end in the region of such decrease in cross section andeccentrically in the direction of the orifice length so that themid-length of the orifice is at one side of the middle of the outer endof the passage and the rotatable orifice-widening tool is conicallytapered in the direction of the length of its axis of rotation andprogressively increases the width of the orifice toward the end thereofat said one side of the center of the outer end of the passage.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the passage is provided with adome-shaped outer end and the external groove is formed in the outer endof the body to intersect the dome-shaped outer end of the passageeccentrically in the direction of the orifice length so that themidlength of the orifice is at one side of the summit of the dome-shapedouter end of the passage and the rotatable orifice-widening tool isconically tapered in the direction of the length of its axis of rotationand progressively increases the width of the orifice toward the endthereof at said one side of the summit of the dome-shaped outer end ofthe passage.

5. The method of making a spray nozzle with an elongated fan-shapedspray discharge orifice at the outer end of a passage, which said methodcomprises the steps of providing a nozzle body with a passage thereinleading toward and having the outer end thereof located within the outerend of the body, forming in the outer end of the body an external grooveextending crosswise of the passage end at a depth in the outer end ofthe body in which it intersects the outer end of the passage andmutually therewith forms an elongated orifice at the place ofintersection thereof, and providing at the outer end of the nozzle bodyan orifice widening cutter which is rotatable on an axis in themid-width plane of the groove and applicable in the orifice for wideningthereof, and while said cutter is rotating on said axis in a directioncrosswise of the orifice, relatively advancing said cutter into theorifice and toward one end of the orifice to cause widthwise enlargementof selected portions of the length of the orifice.

6. The method of making a spray nozzle as defined in claim 5 in whichthe cutter is axially elongated and in the relative advancing movementthereof is advanced sidewise toward said one end of the orifice.

7. The method of making a spray nozzle as defined in claim 5 in whichthe cutter is conically tapered in the direction of the length of theaxis of rotation thereof and is advanced endwise into the orifice andadvanced sidewise toward said one end of the orifice.

8. The method of providing a nozzle body with an elongated fan shapedspray discharge orifice at the outer end of a passage, which said methodcomprises the steps of providing a nozzle body with a passage thereinleading toward the outer end of the body and having an annularly slopedouter end located within the outer end of the body, forming in the outerend of the body an external groove extending crosswise of the passageend at a depth and relation with respect to the passage end to intersectthe sloped outer end of the passage and mutually therewith form anelongated orifice extending crosswise of said passage and a sloping inconformity with the sloped outer end of the passage, and then projectinga rotatable cutter into the groove at said orifice and while the cutteris rotating on an axis in the midwidth plane of the groove shifting saidcutter sidewise and toward the orifice to cause widthwise enlargement ofselected portions of the length of the orifice.

9. The method according to claim 8 wherein the said plane thereofsubstantially coincides with the longitudinal axis of the passage andthe axis of rotation of the cutter is disposed in changing angularity tothe longitudinal axis of the passage during the sidewise shifting of thecutter.

10. The method according to claim 8 wherein the said plane thereofsubstantially coincides with the longitudinal axis of the passage andthe axis of rotation of the cutter is disposed in changing angularity tothe longitudinal axis of the passage during the sidewise shifting of thecutter and during said sidewise shifting the change in angularity ofsaid axis of rotation corresponds to the change in slope of the orifice.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS2,130,854 Murphy Sept. 20, 1938 2,166,300 Komar July 18, 1939 2,619,388Wahlin Nov. 25, 1952 2,641,509 Yost June 9, 1953 2,683,626 Wahlin July13, 1954 2,701,412 Wahlin Feb. 8, 1955 2,774,631 Wahlin Dec. 18, 1956

